Product out of People Nutrients, Agency out-of Restaurants Science and you may Peoples Nutrients, Farming College or university regarding Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (Good.Z.)

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Abstract

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink

1. Introduction

Beverages on kinds of beverage, coffees, dairy, juices, soft drinks, diet plan products, energy drinks and you may liquor appear in a big and you may increasing quantity of choices. Diversity suits taste choice, nutritional requirements, and you will lives need, if in case many products come, it is likely to reach euhydration .

Products lead around 25%–50% from water intake [dos,step three,4], hence he could be essential meeting every single day drinking water means and having euhydration. Hydration has been from the fix away from normal actual and you can cognitive services .

not, it has been debated that drinks lead rather toward growing obesity prices around the world [six,7], simply because of its energy content [8,nine,10]. In a few training, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) practices could have been from the weight gain in children and people , whenever you are research you to coming down SSBs will decrease the likelihood of obesity and you will associated diseases particularly diabetes San mateo women could have been viewed as the persuasive . Times consumption from products has increased considerably over the past 40 years by approximately 222 fat for every people a day .

Nonetheless, products on certain categories don’t lead just as so you can opportunity intake . The ability content of drink along with consumption designs may suggest or even, i.age., certain caloric beverages can be ate hardly for this reason adding little in order to every day energy consumption. This has been debated one to substitution sweetened caloric drinks with liquid can help remove overall time intake inside the obese people . However, consumption of sweetened caloric beverages is actually an intricate material that be viewed outside of the caloric sum and also in the brand new context away from diet habits .

Moreover, likewise in order to restaurants consumption, individuals activities for example seasonality, exercise profile and you will sex make a difference the variety from inside the drink choice and you can contribution to total times intake. Such activities have not been fully investigated; subsequent knowledge in this field have a tendency to elucidate the current matter-of opportunity intake from dieting offer and you can from drinks specifically.

Within the a past research conducted in Greece, making use of the H2o Harmony Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, i discovered that into the 984 grownups, 24% out-of water intake arises from products . There clearly was an unequivocal have to further complex in these findings, elucidating the fresh new sum off products in order to total times consumption and you can balance.