The brand new sister repaired outcomes explain 65% of the version from inside the knowledge within this attempt

_gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).

Inside our try there are 676 siblings, from just who 302 was ple (because they come from children where at least one girl is partnered early) enjoys fathers having significantly lower informative attainment, will feel Muslim, and they are prone to inhabit outlying components

When we talk about the fresh new the quantity to which province and you will community repaired outcomes just take differences in social and you may monetary downside by exploring its ability to determine type in instructional attainment, we discover your community repaired consequences identify more than 31% from the type, considerably more versus step three% told me of the state fixed effects. The vast majority of variation is yet not in this communities.

We first establish estimations you to definitely manage having province*time-trend FE and town*time-trend FE. I up coming wade one step subsequent because of the presenting abilities where we guess sis fixed consequences designs in which the coefficients try projected out of contrasting from siblings, one of whom got married early additionally the almost every other just who did not. That it evaluation regulation for everyone family unit members features, each other observable and you will unobservable, knowledgeable from the siblings age.grams., nearest and dearest records. It not reduces new attempt. These answers are thus best read to be appropriate in order to homes out of more old-fashioned Bright Women and lower socio-economic home. Footnote ten

Finally, ?_ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11

where ChY_ihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (X_ihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHCh_hv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Ch_ihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.