Abstract

Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, M_age = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, M_age = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, M_age = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, M_age = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, M_age = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, M_age = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.

Inclusion

Dudes all over japanilainen naiset countries was under great pressure so you’re able to adhere to norms such because company, prominence, quest for high social status, and you can most importantly avoidance out-of womanliness (Berent mais aussi al. 2015; Mahalik ainsi que al. 2003). And this are involved in home-based tasks are maybe not considered a beneficial mans employment but an excellent woman’s occupations, which guys ought not to participate in (Poortman and you will Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and you may Vandello 2013). The latest extent that cleaning are similarly split between women and you may guys utilizes the level of gender equality inside the a given nation. During the nations having high levels of gender equality, people would more comparable jobs throughout the society and it is more common for males as focused on residential really works compared to regions which have all the way down gender equality (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Wood and you can Eagly 2012). Just like the posited by the biosocial design design, cultural opinions about gender spots talk to mans observations of circumstances of females and you will men in their neighborhood, for this reason if anybody to see female looking after people and you will creating home errands they believe ladies are more suitable for doing domestic work than dudes (Eagly and you will Steffen 1984; Wood and you can Eagly 2012). This type of gender character inferences, subsequently, promote sex-classified decisions that is in addition to manifested inside the women’s and you will men’s maturity and you will obligations getting working in residential really works – scientific findings usually show that no matter what gender equivalence quantities of the world, very household bargaining looks like with women becoming a whole lot more accountable for cleaning (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg mais aussi al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).

Discrepancy between men’s and women’s share inside household chores comprises a great apparent gender gap about members of the family. So it pit was specifically visible when work is classified inside the masculine-typed and you will women-composed housework (Schneider 2012). Predicated on Tai and Treas (2013), there can be almost universal section away from errands into masculine-authored (lawn work, minor solutions) and you can feminine-typed work (e.g. washing, cleaning, sick care) according to research regarding thirty-two countries. The second number of responsibilities contains tasks, which are strongly prevented by men (Treas and Tai 2010), as they are recognized as big date-taking and monotonous, as opposed to masculine-typed tasks like house fix, automobile resolve, lawn works that are felt even more recreational and you may episodic (Bianchi et al. 2006). Besides the biosocial design design (Wood and you will Eagly 2012), a special potential reason why men usually abstain from undertaking feminine-penned affairs is the fear of not regarded as manly sufficient. Penis is built like service and an anti-femininity mandate and that discourages dudes getting doing work in facts and that was feminine and you can communal eg child care and you may residential performs (Bosson and you can Vandello 2013; Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka et al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). To prevent housework are going to be thus one of the ways in which men compensate for dangers on their maleness and avoid bad appraisal off their area players exactly who anticipate guys become manly and refrain from feminine opportunities (Caswell mais aussi al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b). This means that, male partners don’t fill up adequate display of gendered home financial obligation, which will succeed women getting even more noticeable about labour b).